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Edit detail for FriCASIntegration revision 2 of 13

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Editor: test1
Time: 2015/01/08 16:08:02 GMT+0
Note:

changed:
-For more elementaty examples see SandboxFriCASTimofeev1, SandboxFriCASTimofeev37,
For more elementaty examples see FriCASTimofeev1, SandboxFriCASTimofeev37,

FriCAS? inherited from Axiom implementation of Risch algorithm for elementary integration. It can handle both easy cases

fricas
integrate(x*exp(x^2), x)

\label{eq1}{{e}^{{x}^{2}}}\over 2(1)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)
fricas
integrate(exp(1/x^2)/x^3, x)

\label{eq2}-{{{e}^{1 \over{{x}^{2}}}}\over 2}(2)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)

and some which are hard for simpler algorithms. For example Maxma 21.1 can not handle

fricas
integrate(sqrt(x^2+1)/(x^3+1), x)

\label{eq3}{\left(
\begin{array}{@{}l}
\displaystyle
{{\sqrt{2}}\ {\log{\left({{{{\left({\sqrt{2}}+ x + 1 \right)}\ {\sqrt{{{x}^{2}}+ 1}}}+{{\left(- x - 1 \right)}\ {\sqrt{2}}}-{{x}^{2}}- x - 2}\over{{{\left(x + 1 \right)}\ {\sqrt{{{x}^{2}}+ 1}}}-{{x}^{2}}- x}}\right)}}}+ 
\
\
\displaystyle
{2 \ {\arctan{\left({{{{\left({2 \ {{x}^{2}}}-{2 \  x}+ 1 \right)}\ {\sqrt{{{x}^{2}}+ 1}}}-{2 \ {{x}^{3}}}+{2 \ {{x}^{2}}}-{2 \  x}}\over{x - 1}}\right)}}}- 
\
\
\displaystyle
{2 \ {\arctan \left({{2 \  x}- 1}\right)}}
(3)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)

fricas
)set output tex off
 
fricas
)set output algebra on
integrate(sqrt(x^2+1)/(x^4+1), x)
(4) - 4+-+ 4\|2 * atan +---------+ | +-+ +-+ |2\|2 - 4 4+-+ (\|2 - 1) |--------- - \|2 | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 / +---------+ | +-+ +-+ |2\|2 - 4 (\|2 - 1) |--------- | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 * ROOT +---------+ | +-+ +-+ 4+-+ |2\|2 - 4 3 +-+ (- 41x\|2 + 58x)\|2 |--------- - 48x \|2 | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 + 3 68x * +------+ | 2 \|x + 1 + +---------+ | +-+ 2 +-+ 2 4+-+ |2\|2 - 4 ((41x + 17)\|2 - 58x - 24)\|2 |--------- | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 + +-+ 4+-+2 4 2 +-+ 4 (24\|2 - 34)\|2 + (48x + 24x + 24)\|2 - 68x + 2 - 34x - 34 / +-+ 24\|2 - 34 + +---------+ | +-+ +------+ +-+ |2\|2 - 4 | 2 (- x\|2 + x) |--------- \|x + 1 | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 + +---------+ | +-+ 2 +-+ 2 |2\|2 - 4 +-+ 4+-+ (x \|2 - x ) |--------- + (\|2 - 1)\|2 | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 + 4+-+ 4\|2 * atan +---------+ | +-+ +-+ |2\|2 - 4 4+-+ (\|2 - 1) |--------- + \|2 | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 / +---------+ | +-+ +-+ |2\|2 - 4 (\|2 - 1) |--------- | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 * ROOT +---------+ | +-+ +-+ 4+-+ |2\|2 - 4 3 +-+ 3 ((41x\|2 - 58x)\|2 |--------- - 48x \|2 + 68x ) | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 * +------+ | 2 \|x + 1 + +---------+ | +-+ 2 +-+ 2 4+-+ |2\|2 - 4 ((- 41x - 17)\|2 + 58x + 24)\|2 |--------- | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 + +-+ 4+-+2 4 2 +-+ 4 (24\|2 - 34)\|2 + (48x + 24x + 24)\|2 - 68x + 2 - 34x - 34 / +-+ 24\|2 - 34 + +---------+ +---------+ | +-+ +------+ | +-+ +-+ |2\|2 - 4 | 2 2 +-+ 2 |2\|2 - 4 (- x\|2 + x) |--------- \|x + 1 + (x \|2 - x ) |--------- | +-+ | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 \|2\|2 - 3 + +-+ 4+-+ (- \|2 + 1)\|2 + +-+ 4+-+ (\|2 - 1)\|2 * log +---------+ | +-+ +------+ +-+ 4+-+ |2\|2 - 4 3 +-+ 3 | 2 ((41x\|2 - 58x)\|2 |--------- - 48x \|2 + 68x )\|x + 1 | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 + +---------+ | +-+ 2 +-+ 2 4+-+ |2\|2 - 4 ((- 41x - 17)\|2 + 58x + 24)\|2 |--------- | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 + +-+ 4+-+2 4 2 +-+ 4 2 (24\|2 - 34)\|2 + (48x + 24x + 24)\|2 - 68x - 34x - 34 / +-+ 24\|2 - 34 + +-+ 4+-+ (- \|2 + 1)\|2 * log +---------+ | +-+ +------+ +-+ 4+-+ |2\|2 - 4 3 +-+ 3 | 2 ((- 41x\|2 + 58x)\|2 |--------- - 48x \|2 + 68x )\|x + 1 | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 + +---------+ | +-+ 2 +-+ 2 4+-+ |2\|2 - 4 ((41x + 17)\|2 - 58x - 24)\|2 |--------- | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3 + +-+ 4+-+2 4 2 +-+ 4 2 (24\|2 - 34)\|2 + (48x + 24x + 24)\|2 - 68x - 34x - 34 / +-+ 24\|2 - 34 / +---------+ | +-+ +-+ |2\|2 - 4 (4\|2 - 4) |--------- | +-+ \|2\|2 - 3
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)
fricas
)set output algebra off
 
fricas
)set output tex on

None of default integrators in Mathematica 8.0 , Maple 15 and Maxima 21.1 can do

fricas
integrate(((exp(x)-x^2+2*x)/(x^2*(exp(x)+x)^2))*exp((x^2-1)/x+1/(exp(x)+x)), x)

\label{eq4}{{e}^{{{{\left({{x}^{2}}- 1 \right)}\ {{e}^{x}}}+{{x}^{3}}}\over{{x \ {{e}^{x}}}+{{x}^{2}}}}}\over{{e}^{x}}(4)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)
fricas
integrate(x^6/sqrt((x^7+1)*(x^7+2)), x)

\label{eq5}-{{\log \left({{2 \ {\sqrt{{{x}^{14}}+{3 \ {{x}^{7}}}+ 2}}}-{2 \ {{x}^{7}}}- 3}\right)}\over 7}(5)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)

FriCAS? fixed several bugs in Axiom implementation, for example

fricas
integrate(cos(x)^n*sin(x)^(-n-2), x)

\label{eq6}-{{{\cos \left({x}\right)}\ {\sin \left({x}\right)}\ {{e}^{{\left(- n - 2 \right)}\ {\log \left({\sin \left({x}\right)}\right)}}}\ {{e}^{n \ {\log \left({\cos \left({x}\right)}\right)}}}}\over{n + 1}}(6)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)
fricas
integrate(exp(asec(x))/x^2, x)

\label{eq7}{{\left({{\left(- x - 1 \right)}\ {\sqrt{{{x}^{2}}- 1}}}+{{x}^{2}}+ x - 1 \right)}\ {{e}^{asec \left({x}\right)}}}\over{{2 \  x \ {\sqrt{{{x}^{2}}- 1}}}-{2 \ {{x}^{2}}}}(7)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)

work now but used to return unevaluated result.

Risch algorithm can handle large class of integrands involving special functions

fricas
f := D(1/(1 + ellipticE(x^2+a, m)), x)

\label{eq8}\begin{array}{@{}l}
\displaystyle
-{{2 \  x \ {\sqrt{-{m \ {{x}^{4}}}-{2 \  a \  m \ {{x}^{2}}}-{{{a}^{2}}\  m}+ 1}}}\over{\left({\left({
\begin{array}{@{}l}
\displaystyle
{{ellipticE \left({{{{x}^{2}}+ a}, \: m}\right)}^{2}}+ 
\
\
\displaystyle
{2 \ {ellipticE \left({{{{x}^{2}}+ a}, \: m}\right)}}+ 
\
\
\displaystyle
1 
(8)
Type: Expression(Integer)
fricas
integrate(f, x)

\label{eq9}1 \over{{ellipticE \left({{{{x}^{2}}+ a}, \: m}\right)}+ 1}(9)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)
fricas
f := D(1/(Ei(x)-Ei(x-1)), x)

\label{eq10}{{{\left(- x + 1 \right)}\ {{e}^{x}}}+{x \ {{e}^{x - 1}}}}\over{\left(
\begin{array}{@{}l}
\displaystyle
{{\left({{x}^{2}}- x \right)}\ {{Ei \left({x}\right)}^{2}}}+{{\left(-{2 \ {{x}^{2}}}+{2 \  x}\right)}\ {Ei \left({x - 1}\right)}\ {Ei \left({x}\right)}}+ 
\
\
\displaystyle
{{\left({{x}^{2}}- x \right)}\ {{Ei \left({x - 1}\right)}^{2}}}
(10)
Type: Expression(Integer)
fricas
integrate(f, x)

\label{eq11}1 \over{{Ei \left({x}\right)}-{Ei \left({x - 1}\right)}}(11)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)
fricas
f := D(1/(Si(x+1)+Ci(x-1)), x)

\label{eq12}{{{\left(- x + 1 \right)}\ {\sin \left({x + 1}\right)}}+{{\left(- x - 1 \right)}\ {\cos \left({x - 1}\right)}}}\over{\left(
\begin{array}{@{}l}
\displaystyle
{{\left({{x}^{2}}- 1 \right)}\ {{Si \left({x + 1}\right)}^{2}}}+{{\left({2 \ {{x}^{2}}}- 2 \right)}\ {Ci \left({x - 1}\right)}\ {Si \left({x + 1}\right)}}+ 
\
\
\displaystyle
{{\left({{x}^{2}}- 1 \right)}\ {{Ci \left({x - 1}\right)}^{2}}}
(12)
Type: Expression(Integer)
fricas
integrate(f, x)

\label{eq13}1 \over{{Si \left({x + 1}\right)}+{Ci \left({x - 1}\right)}}(13)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)
fricas
f := D(1/(Si(Ci(x)^2+1)+Ci(Ci(x)^2-1)), x)

\label{eq14}{\left(
\begin{array}{@{}l}
\displaystyle
{{\left(-{2 \ {{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{3}}}+{2 \ {Ci \left({x}\right)}}\right)}\ {\cos \left({x}\right)}\ {\sin \left({{{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{2}}+ 1}\right)}}+ 
\
\
\displaystyle
{{\left(-{2 \ {{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{3}}}-{2 \ {Ci \left({x}\right)}}\right)}\ {\cos \left({x}\right)}\ {\cos \left({{{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{2}}- 1}\right)}}
(14)
Type: Expression(Integer)
fricas
integrate(f, x)

\label{eq15}1 \over{{Si \left({{{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{2}}+ 1}\right)}+{Ci \left({{{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{2}}- 1}\right)}}(15)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)
fricas
f := D(log(Si(Ci(x)^2+1)+Ci(Ci(x)^2-1)), x)

\label{eq16}{\left(
\begin{array}{@{}l}
\displaystyle
{{\left({2 \ {{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{3}}}-{2 \ {Ci \left({x}\right)}}\right)}\ {\cos \left({x}\right)}\ {\sin \left({{{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{2}}+ 1}\right)}}+ 
\
\
\displaystyle
{{\left({2 \ {{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{3}}}+{2 \ {Ci \left({x}\right)}}\right)}\ {\cos \left({x}\right)}\ {\cos \left({{{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{2}}- 1}\right)}}
(16)
Type: Expression(Integer)
fricas
integrate(f, x)

\label{eq17}\log \left({{Si \left({{{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{2}}+ 1}\right)}+{Ci \left({{{Ci \left({x}\right)}^{2}}- 1}\right)}}\right)(17)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)

Alas, the following does not work

fricas
f := D(1/(1 + besselJ(m, x^2+a)), x)

\label{eq18}{{x \ {besselJ \left({{m + 1}, \:{{{x}^{2}}+ a}}\right)}}-{x \ {besselJ \left({{m - 1}, \:{{{x}^{2}}+ a}}\right)}}}\over{{{besselJ \left({m , \:{{{x}^{2}}+ a}}\right)}^{2}}+{2 \ {besselJ \left({m , \:{{{x}^{2}}+ a}}\right)}}+ 1}(18)
Type: Expression(Integer)
fricas
integrate(f, x)

\label{eq19}\int^{
\displaystyle
x}{{{{\%A \ {besselJ \left({{m + 1}, \:{a +{{\%A}^{2}}}}\right)}}-{\%A \ {besselJ \left({{m - 1}, \:{a +{{\%A}^{2}}}}\right)}}}\over{{{besselJ \left({m , \:{a +{{\%A}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2}}+{2 \ {besselJ \left({m , \:{a +{{\%A}^{2}}}}\right)}}+ 1}}\ {d \%A}}(19)
Type: Union(Expression(Integer),...)

Risch algorithm wants to find elementary integral. For many functions integrals can be written only in terms of special function. FriCAS? now contains extensions which can handle some of them, see FriCASSpecialIntegration?.

For more elementaty examples see FriCASTimofeev1?, SandboxFriCASTimofeev37?, SandboxFriCASTimofeev5?, SandboxFriCASTimofeev9?.