MathAction SandBox Aldor Semantics

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  - SandBox Aldor Semantics <-- You are here.

The following Aldor code was given as an example by Ralf Hemmecke and added to the wiki by Martin Rubey. See the thread:

http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/axiom-developer/2006-07/msg00046.html

axiom

)version

Value = "Sunday November 1, 2009 at 20:31:03 "

aldor

#include "axiom"
define CatA: Category == with { }
define CatB: Category == with { }
define SomeCat: Category == with { CatA; CatB; }
Dom: SomeCat == Integer add;
A == Dom;
B: CatA == Dom;
H: CatA == Dom add;
main1():List Record(expression:String,result:Boolean) == [
  ["A has CatA",A has CatA],
  ["A has CatB",A has CatB],
  ["A has SomeCat",A has SomeCat],
  ["B has CatA",B has CatA],
  ["B has CatB",B has CatB],
  ["B has SomeCat",B has SomeCat],
  ["H has CatA",H has CatA],
  ["H has CatB",H has CatB],
  ["H has SomeCat",H has SomeCat]];

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3788028526442996283-25px002.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./3788028526442996283-25px002.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 3788028526442996283-25px002
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3788028526442996283-25px002.asy
   CatA is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatA will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3788028526442996283-25px002
   CatB is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatB will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3788028526442996283-25px002
   SomeCat is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   SomeCat will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3788028526442996283-25px002
   Dom is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   Dom will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3788028526442996283-25px002
   A is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   A will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3788028526442996283-25px002
   B is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   B will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3788028526442996283-25px002
   H is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   H will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3788028526442996283-25px002

You get...

axiom

main1()

$\label{eq1}\begin{array}{@{}l} \displaystyle \left[{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "A has CatA"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "A has CatB"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "A has SomeCat"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "B has CatA"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "B has CatB"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "B has SomeCat"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "H has CatA"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "H has CatB"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm false} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "H has SomeCat"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm false} }\right]}\right]$

(1)

Type: List(Record(expression: String,result: Boolean))

axiom

)clear completely

   All user variables and function definitions have been cleared.
   All )browse facility databases have been cleared.
   Internally cached functions and constructors have been cleared.
   )clear completely is finished.

In particular, that "B has CatB?" is a bit surprising, isn't it?

Bill Page replied:

  I think you are dealing here with two separate but related issues:
  1) *static* typing, and 2) inheritance rules. All types in Aldor
  are static (or at least *nearly static*) meaning that they must be
  resolved during the compilation phase.

aldor

#include "axiom"

define CatA: Category == with;
define CatB: Category == with;
define CatX: Category == with {CatA; CatB;}

A: Join(CatX, CatA) == add;
B: Join(CatX, CatB) == add;
import from Integer;
X: CatX == if odd? random(10) then A else B;

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/934600477956551444-25px004.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./934600477956551444-25px004.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 934600477956551444-25px004
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/934600477956551444-25px004.asy
   CatA is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatA will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/934600477956551444-25px004
   CatB is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatB will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/934600477956551444-25px004
   CatX is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatX will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/934600477956551444-25px004
   A is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   A will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/934600477956551444-25px004
   B is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   B will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/934600477956551444-25px004
   X is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   X will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/934600477956551444-25px004

Try a little harder to create dynamic types:

aldor

#include "axiom"

import from Integer;

define CatA: Category == with {n:Integer};
define CatB: Category == with {n:Integer};
define CatX: Category == with {n:Integer};

A: Join(CatX, CatA) == add { n:Integer==1 };
B: Join(CatX, CatB) == add { n:Integer==2 };
X1: CatX == if odd? random(10) then (A add) else (B add);
X2: CatX == if even? random(10) then (A add) else (B add);

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/4046171615798297799-25px005.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./4046171615798297799-25px005.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 4046171615798297799-25px005
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/4046171615798297799-25px005.asy
   CatA is already explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatA will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/4046171615798297799-25px005
   CatB is already explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatB will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/4046171615798297799-25px005
   CatX is already explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatX will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/4046171615798297799-25px005
   A is already explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   A will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/4046171615798297799-25px005
   B is already explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   B will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/4046171615798297799-25px005
   X1 is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   X1 will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/4046171615798297799-25px005
   X2 is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   X2 will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/4046171615798297799-25px005

axiom

for i in 1..10 repeat output [n()$X1,n()$X2]

   [2,2]
   [2,2]
   [2,2]
   [2,2]
   [2,2]
   [2,2]
   [2,2]
   [2,2]
   [2,2]
   [2,2]

Type: Void

axiom

)clear completely

   All user variables and function definitions have been cleared.
   All )browse facility databases have been cleared.
   Internally cached functions and constructors have been cleared.
   )clear completely is finished.

Or this way:

aldor

#include "axiom"
import from Integer;

define CatA: Category == with {n:Integer};
define CatB: Category == with {n:Integer};
define CatX: Category == with {CatA; CatB; n:Integer};

A: Join(CatX, CatA) == add { n:Integer==1 };
B: Join(CatX, CatB) == add { n:Integer==2 };
Y1: CatX == if odd? random(10) then A else B;
Y2: CatX == if even? random(10) then A else B;

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3471379723332304579-25px007.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./3471379723332304579-25px007.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 3471379723332304579-25px007
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3471379723332304579-25px007.asy
   CatA is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatA will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3471379723332304579-25px007
   CatB is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatB will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3471379723332304579-25px007
   CatX is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatX will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3471379723332304579-25px007
   A is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   A will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3471379723332304579-25px007
   B is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   B will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3471379723332304579-25px007
   Y1 is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   Y1 will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3471379723332304579-25px007
   Y2 is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   Y2 will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/3471379723332304579-25px007

axiom

for i in 1..10 repeat output [n()$Y1,n()$Y2]

   [1,2]
   [1,2]
   [1,2]
   [1,2]
   [1,2]
   [1,2]
   [1,2]
   [1,2]
   [1,2]
   [1,2]

Type: Void

axiom

)clear completely

   All user variables and function definitions have been cleared.
   All )browse facility databases have been cleared.
   Internally cached functions and constructors have been cleared.
   )clear completely is finished.

Or like this:

aldor

#include "axiom"
import from Integer;
define CatX: Category == with {foo: () -> Integer}
A: CatX == add {foo(): Integer == 0;}
B: CatX == add {foo(): Integer == 1;}
Z: CatX == if odd? random(10) then A else B;

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/5702025508533234167-25px009.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./5702025508533234167-25px009.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 5702025508533234167-25px009
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/5702025508533234167-25px009.asy
   CatX is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatX will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/5702025508533234167-25px009
   A is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   A will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/5702025508533234167-25px009
   B is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   B will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/5702025508533234167-25px009
   Z is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   Z will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/5702025508533234167-25px009

axiom

for i in 1..10 repeat output foo()$Z

   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0
   0

Type: Void

axiom

)clear completely

   All user variables and function definitions have been cleared.
   All )browse facility databases have been cleared.
   Internally cached functions and constructors have been cleared.
   )clear completely is finished.

Ralf Hemmecke asked: Why does the compiler reject the program without the "add" in line (*)?

aldor

#include "axiom"

define CatA: Category == with;
define CatB: Category == with;
define CatX: Category == with;
A: CatX with { CatA } == add;
B: CatX with { CatB } == add;
X: CatX == if true then (A add) else (B add); -- (*)

main2():List Record(expression:String,result:Boolean) == [
  ["X has CatA",X has CatA],
  ["X has CatB",X has CatB],
  ["X has CatX",X has CatX]];

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7712043450922662837-25px011.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./7712043450922662837-25px011.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 7712043450922662837-25px011
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7712043450922662837-25px011.asy
   CatA is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatA will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7712043450922662837-25px011
   CatB is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatB will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7712043450922662837-25px011
   CatX is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatX will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7712043450922662837-25px011
   A is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   A will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7712043450922662837-25px011
   B is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   B will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7712043450922662837-25px011
   X is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   X will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7712043450922662837-25px011

axiom

main2()

$\label{eq2}\begin{array}{@{}l} \displaystyle \left[{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "X has CatA"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm false} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "X has CatB"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm false} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "X has CatX"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}\right]$

(2)

Type: List(Record(expression: String,result: Boolean))

axiom

)clear completely

   All user variables and function definitions have been cleared.
   All )browse facility databases have been cleared.
   Internally cached functions and constructors have been cleared.
   )clear completely is finished.

Christian Aistleitner provided this answer:

I'd consider that a bug in comparison of exports. Replacing your (*) line by:

   X: CatX == if true then (A@CatX) else (B@CatX);

gives a working program.

aldor

#include "axiom"

define CatA: Category == with;
define CatB: Category == with;
define CatX: Category == with;
A: CatX with { CatA } == add;
B: CatX with { CatB } == add;
X: CatX == if true then A@CatX else B@CatX; -- (*)

main3():List Record(expression:String,result:Boolean) == [
  ["X has CatA",X has CatA],
  ["X has CatB",X has CatB],
  ["X has CatX",X has CatX]];

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/1208324321343406004-25px013.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./1208324321343406004-25px013.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 1208324321343406004-25px013
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/1208324321343406004-25px013.asy
   CatA is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatA will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/1208324321343406004-25px013
   CatB is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatB will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/1208324321343406004-25px013
   CatX is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatX will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/1208324321343406004-25px013
   A is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   A will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/1208324321343406004-25px013
   B is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   B will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/1208324321343406004-25px013
   X is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   X will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/1208324321343406004-25px013

axiom

main3()

$\label{eq3}\begin{array}{@{}l} \displaystyle \left[{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "X has CatA"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "X has CatB"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm false} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{expression = \mbox{\tt "X has CatX"}}, \:{result = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}\right]$

(3)

Type: List(Record(expression: String,result: Boolean))

axiom

)clear completely

   All user variables and function definitions have been cleared.
   All )browse facility databases have been cleared.
   Internally cached functions and constructors have been cleared.
   )clear completely is finished.

So the problem (wild guess) is that the compiler Has problems with seeing that the if statement gives CatX? in both branches of the if statement. Mainly because the types of A and B aro not equal. However, you can hint the compiler. My code is telling him "The if part gives CatX? and the else part gives CatX?". Then the compiler can infer, that the whole "if" statement gives CatX?. And it is at least the type of X (which is CatX?). So it matches.

aldor

#include "axiom"
import from Integer;
define CatA: Category == with;
define CatB: Category == with;
define CatX: Category == with;
A: Join(CatX, CatA) == add;
B: Join(CatX, CatB) == add;

MyPkg(X: CatX): with {isA?: () -> Boolean} == add {
        isA?(): Boolean == X has CatA;
}
main4(n:Integer): Boolean == {
        X: CatX == if zero? n then (A@CatX) else (B@CatX);
        isA?()$MyPkg(X);
}

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/6804229532583544981-25px015.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./6804229532583544981-25px015.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 6804229532583544981-25px015
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/6804229532583544981-25px015.asy
   CatA is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatA will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/6804229532583544981-25px015
   CatB is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatB will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/6804229532583544981-25px015
   CatX is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatX will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/6804229532583544981-25px015
   A is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   A will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/6804229532583544981-25px015
   B is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   B will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/6804229532583544981-25px015
   MyPkg is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   MyPkg will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/6804229532583544981-25px015

axiom

main4(0)

$\label{eq4} \mbox{\rm true}$

(4)

Type: Boolean

axiom

main4(1)

$\label{eq5} \mbox{\rm false}$

(5)

Type: Boolean

axiom

)clear completely

   All user variables and function definitions have been cleared.
   All )browse facility databases have been cleared.
   Internally cached functions and constructors have been cleared.
   )clear completely is finished.

In the following code we have the correspondence:

    A      <--> B
    String <--> with
    "x"    <--> String
    "y"    <--> Integer

aldor

#include "axiom"
define CatA(s: String): Category == with;
A(s: String): CatA(s) == add;

define CatB(s: with): Category == with;
B(s: with): CatB(s) == add;

rhxmain(): List Record(s: String, b: Boolean) == [
    ["A x has CatA x", (A("x") has CatA("x"))],
    ["A y has CatA x", (A("y") has CatA("x"))],
    ["B String has CatB String", (B(String)  has CatB(String))],
    ["B Integer has CatB String",(B(Integer) has CatB(String))]
];

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7724360379013079758-25px017.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./7724360379013079758-25px017.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 7724360379013079758-25px017
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7724360379013079758-25px017.asy
   CatA is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatA will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7724360379013079758-25px017
   A is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   A will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7724360379013079758-25px017
   CatB is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   CatB will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7724360379013079758-25px017
   B is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   B will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7724360379013079758-25px017

The interesting part is that the truth value of the second and fourth list elements do not agree.

axiom

rhxmain()

$\label{eq6}\begin{array}{@{}l} \displaystyle \left[{\left[{s = \mbox{\tt "A x has CatA x"}}, \:{b = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{s = \mbox{\tt "A y has CatA x"}}, \:{b = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{s = \mbox{\tt "B String has CatB String"}}, \:{b = \mbox{\rm true} }\right]}, \: \right. \ \ \displaystyle \left.{\left[{s = \mbox{\tt "B Integer has CatB String"}}, \:{b = \mbox{\rm false} }\right]}\right]$

(6)

Type: List(Record(s: String,b: Boolean))

axiom

)clear completely

   All user variables and function definitions have been cleared.
   All )browse facility databases have been cleared.
   Internally cached functions and constructors have been cleared.
   )clear completely is finished.

An example of a domain-valued variable

aldor

#include "axiom"
#pile

main5(n:Integer):List Boolean ==
  local x:IntegralDomain
  local y:Category

  if n=1 then
    y := Field
  else
    y := Ring

  x := Integer
  test1:Boolean := x has y
  x := Fraction Integer
  test2:Boolean := x has y
  [test1,test2]

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/1586618870818532942-25px019.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./1586618870818532942-25px019.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 1586618870818532942-25px019
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/1586618870818532942-25px019.asy

axiom

main5(1)

$\label{eq7}\left[ \mbox{\rm false} , \: \mbox{\rm true} \right]$

(7)

Type: List(Boolean)

axiom

main5(2)

$\label{eq8}\left[ \mbox{\rm true} , \: \mbox{\rm true} \right]$

(8)

Type: List(Boolean)

axiom

)clear completely

   All user variables and function definitions have been cleared.
   All )browse facility databases have been cleared.
   Internally cached functions and constructors have been cleared.
   )clear completely is finished.

The compiler checks static types.

aldor

#include "axiom"
#pile

main6():List Boolean ==
  local x:IntegralDomain

  x := Integer
  test1:Boolean := x has Field
  x := String
  test2:Boolean := x has Field
  [test1,test2]

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/395909315557564304-25px021.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
"/var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/395909315557564304-25px021.as", line 9: 
  x := String
.......^
[L9 C8] #1 (Error) There is no suitable interpretation for the expression String
  The context requires an expression of type IntegralDomain.
     The possible types of the right hand side (`String') are:
          -- Join(SetCategory, 
                StringCategory with 
      ...

   The )library system command was not called after compilation.

But note that we cannot define domain-valued variables in the Axiom interpreter.

axiom

x:IntegralDomain

   IntegralDomain is a category, not a domain, and declarations require
      domains.

Try to write a self-describing domain --Bill Page, Wed, 26 Jul 2006 06:28:37 -0500 reply

aldor

#include "axiom"
#pile

MyDom: with
  sigs:List Category
  add2:(MyDom,MyDom) -> MyDom
  sub2:(MyDom,MyDom) -> MyDom
  neg: MyDom -> MyDom
 == add
  import from Integer
  Rep == Integer

  sigs:List Category ==
    [with {add2:(MyDom,MyDom)->MyDom},
     with {sub2:(MyDom,MyDom)->MyDom},
     with {neg:MyDom->MyDom}]

  add2(x:%,y:%):% == per(rep(x) + rep(y))
  sub2(x:%,y:%):% == per(rep(x) - rep(y))
  neg(x:%):% == per(-rep(x))

main8():List Boolean ==
  import from ListFunctions2(Category,Boolean)

  map((i:Category):Boolean+->(MyDom has i), sigs$MyDom)

aldor

   Compiling FriCAS source code from file 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7325620604487185069-25px023.as using 
      AXIOM-XL compiler and options 
-O -Fasy -Fao -Flsp -laxiom -Mno-ALDOR_W_WillObsolete -DAxiom -Y $AXIOM/algebra -I $AXIOM/algebra
      Use the system command )set compiler args to change these 
      options.
   Compiling Lisp source code from file 
      ./7325620604487185069-25px023.lsp
   Issuing )library command for 7325620604487185069-25px023
   Reading /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7325620604487185069-25px023.asy
   MyDom is now explicitly exposed in frame initial 
   MyDom will be automatically loaded when needed from 
      /var/zope2/var/LatexWiki/7325620604487185069-25px023

axiom

)sh MyDom

 MyDom  is a domain constructor
 Abbreviation for MyDom is MYDOM
 This constructor is exposed in this frame.
------------------------------- Operations --------------------------------
 add2 : (MyDom,MyDom) -> MyDom         neg : MyDom -> MyDom
 sigs : () -> List(Category)           sub2 : (MyDom,MyDom) -> MyDom

main8()

   >> System error:
   The value NIL is not of type (SIMPLE-ARRAY T (*)).

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